Learn these words: vexation, infrastructure, esteem, volte-face, discriminate (SAT/GRE & literary language)

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Pronunciation

vexation /ˌvekˈseɪʃn̩/infrastructure /ˌɪnfrəˈstrəktʃər/esteem /əˈstiːm/volte-face /ˌvɒlt ˈfæs/discriminate /ˌdɪˈskrɪməˌnet/

Example Sentences

  1. The constant noise from the construction site was a source of vexation for the neighbors.
  2. The city's infrastructure was in need of repair and modernization.
  3. The teacher held her students in high esteem, recognizing their hard work and dedication.
  4. The politician's volte-face on the issue surprised many of his supporters.
  5. The company was accused of discriminating against certain employees based on their race and gender.

Word (synonyms)- Definition/s =>[Collocations] - Antonyms

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  • vexation (annoyance, irritation) - the state of being annoyed, frustrated, or worried.
    =>[vexation at a delay, vexation at a mistake, vexation at a problem]
    - pleasure, satisfaction
  • infrastructure (facilities, structures) - the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
    =>[transportation infrastructure, communication infrastructure, energy infrastructure]
    - superstructures, buildings
  • esteem (respect, admiration) - respect and admiration, typically for a person.
    =>[held in high esteem, hold someone in high esteem, treat someone with esteem]
    - contempt, disdain
  • volte-face (U-turn, reversal) - a complete reversal of opinion or position.
    =>[complete volte-face, sudden volte-face, unexpected volte-face]
    - consistency, steadiness
  • discriminate (differentiate, distinguish) - to recognize a distinction; to differentiate.
    =>[discriminate against someone, discriminate against a group, discriminate on the basis of race, religion, or gender]
    - treat equally, without prejudice

Also, in case you are learning other languages

Original Sentences

  1. The constant noise from the construction site was a source of vexation for the neighbors.
  2. The city's infrastructure was in need of repair and modernization.
  3. The teacher held her students in high esteem, recognizing their hard work and dedication.
  4. The politician's volte-face on the issue surprised many of his supporters.
  5. The company was accused of discriminating against certain employees based on their race and gender.

Translation to Spanish

  1. El ruido constante de la obra era motivo de molestia para los vecinos.
  2. La infraestructura de la ciudad necesitaba reparación y modernización.
  3. La docente tuvo en alta estima a sus alumnos, reconociendo su arduo trabajo y dedicación.
  4. El cambio radical del político sobre el tema sorprendió a muchos de sus seguidores.
  5. La empresa fue acusada de discriminar a ciertos empleados por su raza y género.

Translation to French

  1. Le bruit constant du chantier était une source de contrariété pour les voisins.
  2. L'infrastructure de la ville avait besoin d'être réparée et modernisée.
  3. L’enseignante tenait ses élèves en haute estime, reconnaissant leur travail acharné et leur dévouement.
  4. La volte-face du politicien sur la question a surpris nombre de ses partisans.
  5. L'entreprise a été accusée de discrimination à l'égard de certains employés en raison de leur race et de leur sexe.

Translation to Portuguese

  1. O barulho constante do canteiro de obras era motivo de irritação para os vizinhos.
  2. A infraestrutura da cidade precisava de reparos e modernização.
  3. A professora tinha grande estima por seus alunos, reconhecendo seu trabalho árduo e dedicação.
  4. A reviravolta do político sobre a questão surpreendeu muitos dos seus apoiantes.
  5. A empresa foi acusada de discriminar determinados funcionários com base em raça e gênero.

Translation to Italian

  1. Il rumore costante proveniente dal cantiere era motivo di irritazione per i vicini.
  2. Le infrastrutture della città avevano bisogno di riparazioni e ammodernamento.
  3. L'insegnante stimava molto i suoi studenti, riconoscendo il loro duro lavoro e la loro dedizione.
  4. Il voltafaccia del politico sulla questione ha sorpreso molti dei suoi sostenitori.
  5. L'azienda è stata accusata di discriminare alcuni dipendenti in base alla razza e al sesso.

Translation to German

  1. Der ständige Baulärm sorgte für Ärger bei den Nachbarn.
  2. Die Infrastruktur der Stadt war reparatur- und modernisierungsbedürftig.
  3. Die Lehrerin schätzte ihre Schüler sehr und würdigte ihre harte Arbeit und ihr Engagement.
  4. Die Kehrtwende des Politikers in dieser Angelegenheit überraschte viele seiner Anhänger.
  5. Dem Unternehmen wurde vorgeworfen, bestimmte Mitarbeiter aufgrund ihrer Rasse und ihres Geschlechts zu diskriminieren.

Translation to Russian

  1. Постоянный шум на стройке доставлял неудобства соседям.
  2. Инфраструктура города нуждалась в ремонте и модернизации.
  3. Учительница высоко ценила своих учеников, отмечая их трудолюбие и самоотверженность.
  4. Резкий поворот политика в этом вопросе удивил многих его сторонников.
  5. Компанию обвинили в дискриминации некоторых сотрудников по признаку расы и пола.

Translation to English

  1. The constant noise from the construction site was a source of vexation for the neighbors.
  2. The city's infrastructure was in need of repair and modernization.
  3. The teacher held her students in high esteem, recognizing their hard work and dedication.
  4. The politician's volte-face on the issue surprised many of his supporters.
  5. The company was accused of discriminating against certain employees based on their race and gender.

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Etymology

vexation: The word "vexation" comes from the Latin word "vexare," meaning "to annoy." It refers to a feeling of annoyance or frustration, often in the sense of being used to describe a situation or person that is irritating or bothersome

infrastructure: The word "infrastructure" comes from the Latin words "infra," meaning "below," and "structura," meaning "structure." It refers to the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, often in the sense of being used to describe roads, bridges, and other public works

esteem: The word "esteem" comes from the Latin word "aestimare," meaning "to value." It refers to a feeling of respect or admiration, often in the sense of being used to describe a person's reputation or social standing

volte-face: The word "volte-face" comes from the French phrase "volte-face," meaning "about-face." It refers to a sudden and complete reversal of opinion or policy, often in the sense of being used to describe a political or strategic shift

discriminate: The word "discriminate" comes from the Latin word "discriminare," meaning "to distinguish." It refers to the act of making a distinction or differentiation, often in the sense of being used to describe a person or policy that unfairly treats people differently based on their race, gender, or other characteristics


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